In a La Nina, warm water sticks to a deeper depth, resulting in a cooler surface. And that reduces how much energy goes out into space, says study co-author Yu Kosaka, a climate scientist at the University of Tokyo.
That's 'sinks', and warm water never sinks below cold. I could show that in the kitchen, but everybody is supposed to know this. I feel sad for the world.
Assume the ice cream is soft. You can shear the thing back and forth, and all deformation will be in the ice cream. There is no way to bother the hard layers, unless you take a big knife and cut it. That would be cheating, but delicious.
I don't pay enough money to get a video of this working with googs Artie. But you can use your imagination. The physics of this is exactly the same as seismic stress propagation.
The end ball is held into the group by tension strength, which is really applied compressive stress by the slight tilt of the string. You lift and release the far end. This is the earthquake. In this case, we just have the compressive wave, which is the most important with underground caverns.
The compressive wave goes into the final ball and reflects off the free surface. This is very easy to model with finite differences. I used to do it all the time. Then a tensile wave starts to propagate back. The tensile stress exceeds the compressive set of the ball and it separates, or spalls in mining terms.
Off it goes to swing again. Neat!
ps OMG, I can't believe it that something is afoot which will make my book "Ruthless Rationality" a best seller, if I actually wrote the book, which seems like work.
